This is the skull of Arsinoitherium zitteli, a relative of elephants. (From the National History Museum in Paris)

Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammals belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda. It is related to elephants, sirenians, hyraxes and the extinct desmostylians.

The generic name Arsinoitherium comes from Pharaoh Arsinoe I (after whom the Faiyum Oasis, the region in which the first fossils were found, was called during the Ptolemaic Kingdom), and the Ancient Greek: θηρίον theríon "beast".

Specimens have been found in Oman, Libya, Tunisia, Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Saudi Arabia.